What is garden-path sentences?

The sentence that the reader reads is temporarily ambiguous because it may contain a group of words which appears to be compatible with more than one structural analysis.
The reader’s interpretation to the garden-path sentences varies depending on lexical items or syntax. Here are some examples:

• Put the cake on the plate in the kitchen.
  (The sentence is syntactically ambiguous because it can lead to ambiguity in the sense that the cake is already on the plate or the cake is to be put in the kitchen in which the plate is available.)
  
• The government plans to raise taxes were defeated.
  (The sentence is syntactically ambiguous because it can lead to ambiguity in the sense that plans can be interpreted as a verb or as a noun.)
  
• The thief goes to the bank.
  (The sentence is lexically ambiguous because it can lead to ambiguity in the sense that the bank can mean the financial institution or the edge of the river.)
  
• The old doctors and nurses marched through the streets expressing their solidarities for three of their colleagues who were found guilty of malpractice.
  (The sentence is lexically ambiguous because it can lead to ambiguity in the sense that the one who is old is the doctors or the doctors and the nurses.)